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Glaucoma is a condition where the optic nerve becomes damaged, through a build up of pressure within the eye. The optic nerve damage results in permanent loss of vision. Often, this loss of vision is gradual and without symptoms.

Who is at risk of developing glaucoma?

Anyone can develop glaucoma, however the incidence of glaucoma increases significantly with age. Glaucoma affects approximately 3% at the age of 40, and 5% at 70. Over 300,000 people are estimated to have this condition in Australia, but only 150,000 of these are believed to be as yet undiagnosed. For this reason alone, Optometrists recommend that you have an eye check up every 2 years. You will have an increased risk of developing glaucoma if:

You have a family history of glaucoma
You are shortsighted
You are over the age of 40

What causes glaucoma?

The eye constantly produces a fluid which helps to regulate the shape and structure of the eye. If the eye produces too much fluid, or the fluid cannot drain from the eye, there is a build up of pressure within the eye (like having a basketball that has been over inflated). This excess pressure pushes on the optic nerve (which is responsible for transmitting images to the brain), causing permanent damage.

There are two types of glaucoma: primary open angle glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma.

Primary open angle glaucoma is generally the result of higher than normal pressure levels over a long period of time. This form of glaucoma is usually without signs or symptoms until significant damage has occurred.

Acute angle closure glaucoma occurs when the drainage channel becomes permanently blocked. This tpe of glaucoma occurs as an 'attack', is characterised by blurred vision, discomfort, headaches, and can result in a rapid loss of vision.

What problems might a person with glaucoma experience?

Glaucoma is known as a "silent disease". In most cases it causes no pain or discomfort. The vision loss caused by glaucoma starts at the very side of our vision (peripheral vision). Most us do not pay much attention to the sides of our vision - so the disease can cause significant loss before being noticed. The loss of peripheral vision, in glaucoma, can lead to great difficulties with tasks such as driving and getting about. Glaucoma, if left untreated, can lead to total blindness.

NORMAL VISION v GLAUCOMA

How will I know if I have glaucoma?

Generally you won't. Glaucoma is an insidious and sneaky disease. By the time a person realises something is wrong, most of the damage is done.

What should I do if I am concerned?

You should arrange for an eye examination with your local Optometrist or Ophthalmologist. Eye examinations in Australia are supported by the Medicare system for all Australian residents. Referrals are not required for an eye examination with an Optometrist. Your Optometrist will advise you if you have developed glaucoma, and if so, will be able to refer you to an eye specialist for treatment.

How am I tested for glaucoma?

Glaucoma testing is made up of:

Measurement of the pressure within the eye
Inspection of the retina (checking for any early signs of damage)
Checking the sensitivity of peripheral vision (Visual Field test)

What treatment options do I have if I have glaucoma?

Extensive research has been carried out on this disease, with new treatements being developed almost every year. Nowadays, most treatments invlove the daily use of eye drops, which lower the pressure level within the eye (to prevent further damage). Occasionally, eye surgery is required, usually with laser. Generally, this surgery is performed when eye drops fail to reduce the pressure within the eye.

Can glaucoma be cured?

At this stage - no. Any damage that has occurred as a result of glaucoma is permanent. All treatment options are aimed at preventing further damage. That's why its important to have regular checks for glaucoma with your Optometrist.

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